Barang siapabersungguh-sungguh, dapatlah ia.
Cobalah dan perhatikanlah, niscaya kau jadi orang yang tahu.
Waktu itu lebih mahal daripada emas.
Sebaik-baik teman duduk pada setiap waktu adalah buku.
Tuntutlah ilmu sejak dari buaian hingga liang kubur.
| Vowel | IPA Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a | ɑ | Pronounced like the a in father |
| e 1 | ə | Pronounced like the a in about or ago. The symbol is called a schwa. This is the most common e sound when compared to the others (see below). |
| e 2 | ɛ | Pronounced like the e in bed or dress |
| e 3 | e | Pronounced like the ei in eight. Some older dictionaries will write it as é, but the IPA symbol e is gaining more acceptance in regards to standardization. This is the least common ewhen compared to the others (see above). |
| i | i | Pronounced like the ee in meet |
| o 1 | o | Pronounced like the o in low. If a syllable ends with this vowel, then use this sound with one exception (see below). |
| o 2 | ɔ | Pronounced like the o in stop. If this vowel is in an unstressed, closed syllable, then use this sound. Also, if a syllable ends with this vowel and the following syllable also contains this vowel, then use this sound. |
| u | u | Pronounced like the oo in moon |
| Diphthong | IPA Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ai | ɑi | Pronounced like the a in father followed by the ee in meet. Both sounds should be clearly spoken. |
| au | ɑu | Pronounced like the a in father followed by the oo in moon. Both sounds should be clearly spoken. |
| io | io | Pronounced like the ee in meet followed by the o in low. Both sounds should be clearly spoken. |
| iu | iu | Pronounced like the ee in meet followed by the oo in moon. Both sounds should be clearly spoken. |
| ua | uɑ | Pronounced like the oo in moon followed by the a in father. Both sounds should be clearly spoken. |
| Consonant | IPA Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b | b | Pronounced like the b in bed. It's nearly silent when the last letter of a word. |
| c | ʨ | Pronounced like the ch in church. It never appears at the end of a word. |
| d | d | Pronounced like the d in dog. It's nearly silent when the last letter of a word. |
| f | f | Pronounced like the f in fat. It often represents the v sound as well. |
| g | g | Pronounced like the hard g in gun, but never like the soft g ingerm. It never appears at the end of a word. |
| h | h | Pronounced like the h in happy. One must take special care to fully pronounce it when at the end of a word or the meaning could change. |
| j | ʥ | Pronounced like the j in judge. The sound is closer to the Dutch symbol dj. It never appears at the end of a word |
| k | k | Pronounced the same as in English, but never aspirated. It often represents the q sound as well. It's nearly silent at the end of a word. |
| l | l | Pronounced the same as in English. |
| m | m | Pronounced the same as in English. |
| n | n | Pronounced the same as in English. |
| p | p | Pronounced the same as in English, but never aspirated. It's nearly silent at the end of a word. |
| q | k | Pronounced more like a k rather than a q. Somewhat rare, words borrowed from the Arabic language most often use it. |
| r | r | Pronounced more like the trilled or rolled Spanish r. |
| s | s | Pronounced the same as in English |
| t | t | Pronounced like the t in tap or top, but never aspirated. It's nearly silent at the end of a word. |
| v | f | Pronounced more like an f rather than a v |
| w | w | Pronounced the same as in English except with less rounded lips |
| x | ks | Pronounced the same as in English. Somewhat rare, it often accommodates words borrowed from other languages. |
| y | j | Pronounced like ye as in yes or yet |
| z | z | Pronounced the same as in English. Somewhat rare, it often accommodates words borrowed from other languages. |
| Compound | IPA Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
| kh | x | Pronounced like the ch in the Scottish word loch. Many words borrowed from the Arabic language use it. |
| ng | ŋ | Pronounced like the soft ng in singing |
| ngg | ŋg | Pronounced like the hard ng in mango |
| ny | nj | Pronounced like the ny in canyon |
| sy | ʃ | Pronounced like the sh in shop |
